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Io | |
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Directed by | Jonathan Helpert |
Produced by |
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Written by | |
Starring | |
Music by | Henry Jackman Alex Belcher |
Cinematography | André Chemetoff |
Edited by | Mike Fromentin |
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Distributed by | Netflix |
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Country | United States |
Language | English |
Io is a 2019 American science fiction film directed by Jonathan Helpert. It stars Margaret Qualley, Anthony Mackie and Danny Huston.
It was released on January 18, 2019, by Netflix.
Plot[edit]
The film is set in a post-apocalyptic present, where Earth's atmosphere has become toxic. Most humans have fled the planet, to live on a space station near Io, a moon of Jupiter.
Sam Walden is one of the few humans remaining on Earth. She lives alone at high altitude, where the air is still breathable, trying to raise bees that can survive in the atmosphere. Her intent is to use the bees to eventually clean the air via the pollination of oxygen-producing plants. Her long-distance boyfriend, who lives on the Io station, urges her to leave Earth on the last shuttle from the planet.
A storm creates a toxic cloud that passes through Sam's shelter, killing all of her bees. Micah, a man travelling by helium balloon, arrives shortly thereafter. He intends to reach the launch site and leave Earth, but first wants to speak with Dr. Harry Walden, Sam's father, who had urged mankind to stay because he still saw hope.
Initially, Sam states that her father is conducting field work elsewhere. However, after a day, she reveals that her father died the previous year. Hearing this, Micah is determined to take Sam with him to the space shuttle, to which she apathetically agrees. After receiving a message from her boyfriend saying goodbye, because he is part of an expedition embarking on a 10-year voyage to an exoplanet orbiting Alpha Centauri, Sam records a message informing everyone still on Earth that Dr. Walden's attempt to clean the planet was ultimately unsuccessful and that everybody should leave to Io.
While preparing and waiting for the right wind conditions, Sam and Micah grow closer and become romantically involved. They also discover that a new queen bee hatched in Sam's hive, which is immune to the toxic air. They are informed that the shuttle launch is rescheduled to another site, farther away than the original. As a result, they drive into a city blanketed by the toxic atmosphere to obtain the helium required for the journey. After finding the helium, Sam visits an art museum alone. Micah rushes after her, knowing her oxygen tank is running low. Instead of switching to a new tank, Sam pulls off her mask and breathes the toxic air hoping to survive. She takes several breaths, as the scene fades to black. Micah travels alone to the spaceship because Sam has decided to stay behind. The changed environment is not toxic to her the same way it was not toxic for the queen bee in her bee colony, hinting that those born in the environment can live in it.
The film ends with Sam standing on a beach alone before being joined by a young child. A voice over of a letter from Sam to Micah tells how beautiful the Earth is, how those who have left the planet will have learned to fear it, and that they are waiting for them to return.
Cast[edit]
- Margaret Qualley as Sam Walden
- Anthony Mackie as Micah
- Danny Huston as Dr. Harry Walden
- Tom Payne as the voice of Elon
Production[edit]
In January 2015, it was reported that Elle Fanning and Diego Luna would star in the film with Clay Jeter directing from a screenplay he co-wrote with Will Basanta and Charles Spano.[1] However, in October 2016, Margaret Qualley replaced Fanning, while Anthony Mackie replaced Luna, with Danny Huston also cast for the film. Jonathan Helpert was also set to replace Jeter as director while retaining the Jeter/Basamta/Spano screenplay.[2][3]
Principal photography began in October 2016.[4]
Release[edit]
The film was released on January 18, 2019.[5]
Reception[edit]
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, reported an approval rating of 33% based on 17 reviews, with a weighted average of 5.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, 'IO has some big ideas but little idea of how to effectively convey them, leaving viewers with a sci-fi drama whose attractive packaging can't cover its enervating core.'[6]Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 40 out of 100 based on 6 critics, indicating 'mixed or average reviews.'[7]
Nick Allen of RogerEbert.com gave the film 2 stars out of 5, writing that, 'However pure its intentions, IO is genre minimalism to a fault.' He added, 'IO isn’t science-fiction storytelling distilled so much as it is vaporized.'[8]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'Elle Fanning, Diego Luna to star in Io'. Screendaily. January 30, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^Ford, Rebecca (October 6, 2016). 'Anthony Mackie, Margaret Qualley, Danny Huston to Star in Sci-Fi Film 'IO''. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
- ^Baxter, Joseph (October 7, 2016). 'Anthony Mackie to Co-Star in Netflix Sci-Fi Movie IO'. Den of Geek. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
- ^'Anthony Mackie Books Lead in Netflix's Sundance-Workshopped Sci-fi Flick, 'IO''. Shadow and Act. April 20, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
- ^'New Netflix January 2019 Movie and TV Titles Announced'. ComingSoon.net. December 12, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
- ^'IO Reviews'. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
- ^'IO Reviews'. Metacritic. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
- ^Allen, Nick. 'IO Movie Review & Film Summary (2019) | Roger Ebert'. www.rogerebert.com. Retrieved 2019-01-21.
External links[edit]
- IO on Netflix
- Io on IMDb
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Io_(film)&oldid=920303232'
Mongibello Mons and other topographic features on Io's leading hemisphere
More than 135 mountains have been identified on the surface of Jupiter's moon Io.[1] Despite the extensive active volcanism taking place on Io, most mountains on Io are formed through tectonic processes. These structures average 6 km (4 mi) in height and reach a maximum of 17.5 ± 1.5 km (10.9 ± 1 mi) at South Boösaule Montes.[2] Mountains often appear as large (the average mountain is 157 km (98 mi) long), isolated structures with no apparent global tectonic patterns outlined, in contrast to the situation on Earth.[2] To support the tremendous topography observed at these mountains requires rock compositions consisting mostly of silicate, as opposed to sulfur.[3]
Mountains on Io (generally, structures rising above the surrounding plains) have a variety of morphologies. Plateaus are most common.[2] These structures resemble large, flat-topped mesas with rugged surfaces. Other mountains appear to be tilted crustal blocks, with a shallow slope from the formerly flat surface and a steep slope consisting of formerly sub-surface materials uplifted by compressive stresses. Both types of mountains often have steep scarps along one or more margins. Only a handful of mountains on Io appear to have a volcanic origin. These mountains resemble small shield volcanoes, with steep slopes (6–7°) near a small, central caldera and shallow slopes along their margins.[4] These volcanic mountains are often smaller than the average mountain on Io, averaging only 1 to 2 km (0.6 to 1.2 mi) in height and 40 to 60 km (25 to 37 mi) wide. Other shield volcanoes with much shallower slopes are inferred from the morphology of several of Io's volcanoes, where thin flows radiate out from a central patera, such as at Ra Patera.[4]
Some of Io's mountains have received official names from the International Astronomical Union. The names are a combination of a name of a person or place derived from the Greek mythological story of Io, Dante's Inferno, or from the name of a nearby feature on Io surface and an approved descriptive term. The descriptive terms, or categories, used for these mountains depends on their morphology, which is a reflection of the mountain's age, geologic origin (volcanic or tectonic), and mass wasting processes. Mountains consisting of massifs, ridges, or isolated peaks use the descriptive term, mons or the plural montes, the Latin term for mountain. These features are named after prominent locations from the Greek mythological travels of Io or places mentioned in Dante's Inferno.[5] Plateaus are normally given the descriptive term mensa (pl. mensae), the Latin term for mesa, though some mountains with plateau morphology use mons. Ionian mensae are named after mythological figures associated with the Io myth, characters from Dante's Inferno.[5] Like mountains, these features can also be named after nearby volcanoes. Some units of layered plains have names using the descriptive term planum (pl. plana). However other more mountainous structures, such as Danube Planum, use the term. Partly as a result of the inconsistent use of this term, planum has not been used since the Voyager era. Ionian plana are named after locations associated with the Io myth.[5] Rare cases of volcanic mountains, such as the shield volcano Tsũi Goab Tholus, use the term tholus (plural: tholi). Ionian tholi are named after people associated with the Io myth or nearby features on Io's surface.[5]
See also the list of volcanic features on Io and the list of regions on Io.
List of named Ionian mountains[edit]
The following table lists those positive topographic structures (mountains, plateaus, shield volcanoes, and layered plains) that have been given names by the International Astronomical Union.[6] Coordinates and Length come from the USGS website that hosts that nomenclature list. Height information from Paul Schenk's 2001 paper, 'The mountains of Io: Global and geological perspectives from Voyager and Galileo'.[2] When the name refers to multiple mountains, the tallest peak from Schenk et al. 2001 is listed. Those whose heights come from another sources are noted and sourced in the table. Height ranges result from uncertainties due to different methods used to determine the height of the mountain.
Mountain | Named after | Coordinates | Length | Height |
---|---|---|---|---|
Apis Tholus | Apis (Greek) | 10°54′S347°53′W / 10.9°S 347.88°W | 145.71 km | N/A |
Argos Planum | Argos | 47°59′S317°49′W / 47.98°S 317.81°W | 195.45 km | 3.2 km[1] |
Boösaule Montes | Boösaule (Greek) | 3°41′S269°05′W / 3.68°S 269.09°W | 546.98 km | 17.5-18.2 km |
Capaneus Mensa | Capaneus (The Divine Comedy) | 16°24′S121°35′W / 16.4°S 121.59°W | 291.49 km | 9.2-9.5 km |
Caucasus Mons | Caucasus | 32°23′S238°34′W / 32.38°S 238.57°W | 152.44 km | 10.6 km |
Crimea Mons | Crimea | 76°10′S241°11′W / 76.16°S 241.18°W | 143.31 km | 3.7 km |
Danube Planum | Danube River | 22°44′S257°26′W / 22.73°S 257.44°W | 244.22 km | 5.5 km |
Dodona Planum | Dodona | 58°48′S347°31′W / 58.8°S 347.51°W | 522.83 km | N/A |
Dorian Montes | Dorian | 25°53′S198°08′W / 25.89°S 198.13°W | 495.25 km | 8.5-9.2 km |
Echo Mensa | Echo (Greek) | 80°00′S355°38′W / 80.0°S 355.63°W | 203.41 km | 1.5 km |
Egypt Mons | Egypt | 41°29′S257°36′W / 41.49°S 257.6°W | 193.66 km | 10.0 km |
Epaphus Mensa | Epaphus (Greek) | 52°58′S239°59′W / 52.97°S 239.99°W | 203.41 km | N/A |
Ethiopia Planum | Ethiopia | 45°18′S24°35′W / 45.3°S 24.59°W | 331.32 km | 4.5 km |
Euboea Montes | Euboea | 48°53′S338°46′W / 48.89°S 338.77°W | 439.94 km | 10.3-13.4 km |
Euxine Mons | Euxine | 26°16′N126°29′W / 26.27°N 126.49°W | 286.17 km | 7.7 km |
Gish Bar Mons | Gish Bar (Babylonian) | 18°36′N87°42′W / 18.6°N 87.7°W | 110.0 km | 9.7-11.0 km |
Haemus Montes | Haemus (Greek) | 69°43′S46°14′W / 69.71°S 46.23°W | 333.56 km | 10.8 km |
Hermes Mensa | Hermes (Greek) | 43°29′S246°18′W / 43.48°S 246.3°W | 134.8 km | N/A |
Hi'iaka Montes | Hi'iaka (Hawaiian) | 5°08′S81°48′W / 5.13°S 81.8°W | 406.34 km | 11.1 km[1] |
Hybristes Planum | Hybristes | 54°25′S18°27′W / 54.41°S 18.45°W | 195.1 km | N/A |
Inachus Tholus | Inachus (Greek) | 16°11′S347°46′W / 16.18°S 347.76°W | 176.96 km | 1.8 km |
Ionian Mons | Ionian Sea | 8°37′N236°34′W / 8.61°N 236.56°W | 159.08 km | 12.7 km |
Iopolis Planum | Iopolis | 35°19′S332°43′W / 35.31°S 332.72°W | 240.16 km | 4.5 km |
Iynx Mensa | Iynx (Greek) | 62°15′S303°59′W / 62.25°S 303.98°W | 121.64 km | 4.5 km |
Lyrcea Planum | Lyrcea | 41°55′S268°50′W / 41.92°S 268.83°W | 423.71 km | N/A |
Monan Mons | Monan (Brazilian) | 15°12′N104°30′W / 15.2°N 104.5°W | 297.0 km | 6.5 km |
Mongibello Mons | Mount Etna | 22°45′N66°57′W / 22.75°N 66.95°W | 183.37 km | 8.6 km |
Nemea Planum | Nemea | 72°49′S267°43′W / 72.82°S 267.72°W | 835.05 km | 2.8-6.0 km[1] |
Nile Montes | Nile | 52°04′N250°01′W / 52.07°N 250.02°W | 449.99 km | 5.5-6.5 km |
Ot Mons | Ot Ene (Mongolian) | 4°13′N215°38′W / 4.21°N 215.64°W | 154.71 km | 3.6 km |
Pan Mensa | Pan (Greek) | 50°53′S31°46′W / 50.88°S 31.77°W | 218.09 km | 5.0 km |
Pillan Mons | Pillan (Araucanian) | 8°49′S246°43′W / 8.81°S 246.72°W | 163.0 km | 5.0-5.3 km |
Prometheus Mensa | Prometheus (Greek) | 1°54′S151°54′W / 1.9°S 151.9°W | 184.0 km | N/A |
Rata Mons | Rātā (Maori) | 36°18′S201°10′W / 36.3°S 201.16°W | 169.93 km | 7.0-8.1 km |
Seth Mons | Seth (Egyptian) | 10°43′S134°11′W / 10.72°S 134.19°W | 135.96 km | 7.0-7.5 km |
Shamshu Mons | Shamsu (Arabian) | 12°00′S71°31′W / 12.0°S 71.51°W | 215.12 km | 2.9 km |
Silpium Mons | Silpium (Greek) | 52°43′S272°20′W / 52.71°S 272.34°W | 114.54 km | 5.5 km |
Skythia Mons | Scythia (Greek) | 26°13′N99°01′W / 26.21°N 99.01°W | 253.35 km | 5.5-6.0 km |
Telegonus Mensae | Telegonus (Greek) | 53°19′S115°53′W / 53.31°S 115.89°W | 336.99 km | 2.7-4.0 km |
Tohil Mons | Tohil (Mayan) | 29°30′S160°29′W / 29.5°S 160.49°W | 371.47 km | 9.0-9.4 km |
Tsũi Goab Tholus | Tsui (Khoikhoi) | 0°06′S163°00′W / 0.1°S 163.0°W | 53.0 km | 0.8 km[4] |
Tvashtar Mensae | Tvashtar (Hindu) | 61°36′N119°56′W / 61.6°N 119.94°W | 326.4 km | 6.0-6.6 km |
Zal Montes | Zal (Iranian) | 38°05′N77°00′W / 38.08°N 77.0°W | 428.17 km | 7.4 km |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ abcdTurtle, Elizabeth P.; et al. (2007). 'Appendix 2: Ionian mountains identified to date'. In Lopes, R. M. C.; Spencer, J. R. (eds.). Io after Galileo. Springer-Praxis. pp. 325–330. ISBN3-540-34681-3.
- ^ abcdSchenk, P.; et al. (2001). 'The Mountains of Io: Global and Geological Perspectives from Voyager and Galileo'. Journal of Geophysical Research. 106 (E12): 33201–33222. Bibcode:2001JGR...10633201S. doi:10.1029/2000JE001408.
- ^Clow, G. D.; Carr, M. H. (1980). 'Stability of sulfur slopes on Io'. Icarus. 44 (2): 268–279. Bibcode:1980Icar...44..268C. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(80)90022-6.
- ^ abcSchenk, P. M.; et al. (2004). 'Shield volcano topography and the rheology of lava flows on Io'. Icarus. 169: 98–110. Bibcode:2004Icar..169...98S. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.01.015.
- ^ abcdBlue, Jennifer (October 16, 2006). 'Categories for Naming Features on Planets and Satellites'. USGS. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
- ^Blue, Jennifer. 'Io Nomenclature Table Of Contents'. USGS. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
External links[edit]
- Io's Tall Mountains – Planetary Society article
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